Germinal centers are high-speed evolution machines. Tiny clusters in the lymph nodes, germinal centers refine antibodies through mutation and expansion until they produce high-affinity B cells adapted ...

Cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, harness and amplify the immune system’s natural ability to detect and attack cancer cells. In this illustration, immune T cells (pink) attach to a ...

Ocular infections and related inflammatory disorders are important causes of visual morbidity worldwide and may arise from viral, bacterial, fungal, and ...

Innate lymphoid cells, which curiously behave like T cells even though they don’t recognize specific antigens, show promise as a potential cancer therapeutic. In the years that followed, other groups ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) have emerged in the field of cancer immunotherapy as the most potent professional antigen-presenting ...