Before undergoing antireflux surgery, patients should undergo an upper endoscopy and, if the endoscopy findings are normal, should undergo reflux testing; esophageal manometry and, possibly, a ...

We also found that more than 90% of previously uninvestigated FD patients had normal endoscopy results, indicating that diagnosis of FD by investigators was highly reliable (8.8% of uninvestigated ...

ERCP and MRCP are used to diagnose problems with the bile and pancreatic ducts. ERCP is more invasive, but it can help treat certain conditions.