Before undergoing antireflux surgery, patients should undergo an upper endoscopy and, if the endoscopy findings are normal, should undergo reflux testing; esophageal manometry and, possibly, a ...

ERCP and MRCP are used to diagnose problems with the bile and pancreatic ducts. ERCP is more invasive, but it can help treat certain conditions.

We also found that more than 90% of previously uninvestigated FD patients had normal endoscopy results, indicating that diagnosis of FD by investigators was highly reliable (8.8% of uninvestigated ...

Kline MM et al. (2008) The utility of intraluminal impedance testing in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms but normal endoscopy and 24-hour pH testing. Clin Gastroenterol ...