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The Garamantian civilization of ancient North Africa survived and thrived in the Sahara Desert from 1,100 BCE to 600 CE. Three newly discovered skull reveal that the Garamantians practiced medicine.

The trepanated skull of a Neolithic woman. The fact that the hole is rounded off by ingrowth of new bone suggests that the patient survived the operation. Wikimedia Commons Trepanation—the technique ...

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From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

Why do humans put holes in our heads? It’s a question 7,000 years in the making. With the help of a googly-eyed watermelon named Joe Melon, Popular Science host Kevin Lieber tries to find an answer ...