A symbiotic relationship is a long-term interaction between animal species that is beneficial for one or both animals. There ...

Mutualism is an essential ecological relationship. Read about how it works in nature and watch a short clip of it taking place in real life.

Birds that ride around on large African mammals picking off ticks provide a common textbook example of mutualism, but the animals’ interactions may not exemplify such a happy partnership after all.

In the natural world there are many examples of different species living peacefully in close proximity and even protecting or performing tasks that are beneficial to one another. For example, remora ...

Endosymbiotic relationships -- in which one organism lives within another -- are striking examples of mutualism, and can often significantly shape the biology of the participant species. In new ...

It’s well known that pollinators give us our favorite foods, from strawberries to sunflower seeds. But less familiar is what drives pollination: Mutualism. It’s an interaction between two individuals ...

Many studies of evolution focus on the benefits to the individual of competing successfully -- those who survive produce the most offspring, in Darwin's classic 'survival of the fittest'. But how does ...

Erol Akçay, a biology professor at Penn, recently conducted a research about mutualism in ecosystems. New research from a Penn professor and a Penn alum shows that mutually beneficial relationships ...