According to a new study led by Harvard researchers in Nature Neuroscience, this so-called "learning machine" speaks in two different codes—one for recently-acquired learned movements and another for ...

The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected structures, located in the midbrain below the cerebral cortex, that play a crucial role in motor control, reward processing, and cognition. This region ...

From a scientific perspective, animal behaviorists often prefer terms like "learned behavior" or "operant conditioning" over "manipulation." Dogs learn what behaviors elicit a desired response from ...

The team studied rats during two different activities: free exploration and a learned task in which they were trained to press a lever twice within a specific time interval to obtain a reward. To ...