Almost a century ago the concept of measuring surface roughness started as a way to stop disputes and uncertainty between buyers and manufacturers. Today, it is a common identifier that is utilized ...

Irregularities on a surface determine how rough it is. Surface roughness can be evaluated by visual appearances and tactile sensation and can be measured using a numerical scale. A surface condition ...

Disposable microplates with 96 or more sample wells are widely used in the modern laboratory for biochemical and molecular biological experiments. Fluorescent or coloured reaction products can be ...

The measurement technique of the aspheric surface is mainly for the surface form and parameters. The surface form is the three-dimensional distribution of the surface in the spatial domain. The ...