One of the focal points in the field of intelligent transportation is the intelligent control of traffic signals (TS), aimed at enhancing the efficiency of urban road networks through specific ...

As urbanization progresses at an accelerating pace, urban traffic congestion has intensified markedly, posing a formidable obstacle to the sustainable advancement of cities 1. As essential components ...

Smartphones and wearables collect real-time data—like traffic flow, air quality, and crowd density—that fuel smart-city services. But when too many devices offload data at once, networks slow down and ...

Overview Algorithms help computers solve problems quickly and perform tasks in a structured and efficient way.Many everyday ...