WASHINGTON—The House narrowly passed Republicans’ sprawling tax-and-spending bill, delivering a major second-term victory for President Trump and again demonstrating his power to keep GOP lawmakers in line.

Congress passed a massive tax and spending cuts package Thursday that curbs billions of dollars in spending across clean energy. That means people will be paying a lot more for home solar, energy efficiency and other green technologies — and the nation's efforts to address climate change just got a lot more challenging.